Out of Blue - Antologija ruske skrivene gej književnosti
Kevin Moss (ed.), Out of the Blue: Russia's Hidden Gay Literature - An Anthology, Gay Sunshine Press, San Francisco, 1997, 415 pages, illustrations.
Ova antologija je izuzetno vredan poduhvat, naročito stoga što je prvi ovakve vrste. Sadrži pripovetke, pesme, odlomke iz romana i dnevnika, pisma itd., 30-tak tridesetak ruskih autora s početka XIX veka pa do kraja XX veka, u prevodu na engleski (od strane 17 prevodica) u engleskom prevodu u kojem je učestvovalo 17 prevodilaca. Uvod Simona Karlinskog (koji je uzgred bio prvi koji se ozbiljnije bavio homoerotikom u ruskoj književnosti i kulturi i o tome počeo da piše sedamsedetih upravo u legendarnom Gay Sunshine časopisu iz San Franciska čiji je izdavač objavio i ovu antologiju) osvetljava rusku kulturno-istorijsku pozadinu, bez koje bi bilo teško shvatiti, recimo, tolerisanje homoerotske tematike i motiva u ruskoj književnosti pre Oktobarske revolucije. Sam priređivač antologije Kevin Moss (pojavljuje se i u ulozi prevodica sa ruskog), profesor na Middlebury College-u (Vermont, USA), jedan je od vodećih istraživača istočnoevropske gej kulture u Americi i poznavalac više slovenskih jezika (studirao je i u Zagrebu 1975-76 god.).
Antologija je hronoški koncipirana i izdeljena na četiri poglavlja. Podela delimično odgovara tradicionalnim književnim periodima, ali se podudara i sa političkim promenama koje su se direktno ticale života gej ljudi, homoerotske književnosti i gej autorefleksije u Rusiji.
Prvi deo: Gej teme u ''Zlatnom dobu'' ruske književnosti (XIX vek), sadrži pesme, pripovetke i odlomke iz dela čuvenih ruskih pisaca - Puškina, Ljermontova, Tolstoja, Gogolja (najmarkatniji primer samopotiskivanja homoerotskih osećanja u ruskoj književnosti), pa sve do Konstantina Leontjeva čije uvrštavanje u antologiju može mnoge lako da iznenadi, budući da se radi o reakcionarnom ideologu i apologeti carističke autokratije, ruskom diplomati na Balkanu (ostavio pronicljive zapise o balkanskim narodima s kraja XIX veka u delu ''Vizantija i Sloveni''), inače je život okončao kao monah.
Drugi deo: Cvetanje gej kulture, prezentuje obilje gej literature u ''Srebrnom dobu'' ruske književnosti, na pocetku XX veka. Intezivan ali i kratak period kojeg obeležavaju Kuzmin, Jesenjin, simbolista Vjačeslav Ivanov, Nikolaj Kljujev. U antologiju su uvršteni i delovi knjige filozofa Rozanova ''Ljudi mesečeve svetlosti. Metafizika hrišćanstva'' sa osnovnom tezom da se ''Metafizika hrišćanstva'' krije i sastoji u činjenici da okosnicu crkve čine ''ljudi mesečeve svetlosti'' što će reći - homoseksualci, počev od samog Hrista i brojnog monaštva koje zauzima najvažnije položaje u crkvi (knjiga je objavljena 1911, u srpskom prevodu se pojavila 2001. god. U izdanju Zepter World Book). Nakon Oktobarske revolucije i ustanovljavanja staljinizma, homoseksualnost se ponovo zakonom zabranjuje (1933. god.) i nastupa period najgoreg progona gej ljudi u Rusiji i u kom više nije bilo mogućnosti za objavljivanje književnosti sa gej tematikom, sem u pokojem 'samizdatu'.
Treći deo: Skriveni od pogleda, period mučne i riskantne ilegale, ali ipak ne i bez književnih svedočanstava. Obeležava ga ponajviše Jevgenij Haritonov, pisac, režiser, koreograf, covek izuzetno zanimljivog i teškog života dvostrukog disidenta, koji je svojih prvih 15 minuta književne slave doživeo tek 12 godina nakon svoje smrti, 1993. god. kada mu je objavljen rukopis ''U kućnom pritvoru'' koji je postao i ubrzo postaje književni događaj godine u Rusiji. Za ovaj period je važan i Genadij Trifonov, koji je uspevao da svoje (homoerotske) spise proturi na Zapad, što ipak nije prošlo neopaženo od strane KGB-a pa je Trifonov proveo 4 godine u zatvoru.
Četvrti deo: Ponovno rađanje Gay Life-a gej života. Počev od perioda perestrojke, ruski ''social landscape'' društveni pejsaž se rapidno menja. Ovaj period karakteriše obilje materijala iz prvih gej publikacija - priče, pesme, pisma. Izdvajaju se iskusni pisci Vladimir Makanjin i Vasilij Aksionov. Eduard Limonov srećom nije uvršten.
Sadržaj/ Contents:
Editor's Preface Kevin Moss
Publisher's Note Winston Leyland
Introduction: Russia's Gay Literature and History Simon Karlinsky
1. GAY THEMES IN GOLDEN AGE LITERATURE (19th Century)
Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) Poem: Imitation of the Arabic Translated by Michael Green
A Pushkin Puzzle Essay by Michael Green
Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841) Poem:Ode to the John Poem:To Tiesenhausen Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852) Nights at the Villa Translated with commentary by Simon Karlinsky
Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) The Ivins-Selections from Childhood Pages from Tolstoy's Diaries Translated by Kevin Moss
Konstantin Leontiev (1831-1891) Khamid and Manoli (story) Translated by Gerald McCausland II. THE FIRST FLOWERING OF GAY CULTURE (Early 20th Century)
Mikhail Kuzmin (1872-1936) Aunt Sonya's Sofa (story) Virginal Victor: A Byzantine Tale (story) A Summer Affair (Cycle of 12 poems) A Story Interrupted (Cycle of 10 poems) Three Poems from Alexandrian Songs All stories/poems translated by Michael Green
Mikhail Kuzmin: Past and Present Mikhail Kuzmin's Diaries-A Foretaste Two Essays by Michael Green
Fyodor Sologub (1863-1927) The Petty Demon (Selections from the novel) Translated by S. D. Cioran
Vyacheslav Ivanov (1866-1949) Two Poems Translated by Vitaly Chernelsky
Vasily Rozanov (1856-1919) People of the Moonlight (Selections) Translated by Spencer E. Roberts
Nikolai Klyuev (1887-1937) Two Poems Translated by Simon Karlinsky
Sergei Esenin (1895-1925) Four Poems Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
III. HIDDEN FROM VIEW UNDER THE SOVIETS: UNDERGROUND AND EMIGRE LITERATURE (1920-1980)
Ryurik Ivnev (1891-1981) Selections from Ivnev's Diaries Translated by Michael Molnar Poem: "Who Will Comprehend These Feelings." Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Anatoly Steiger (1907-1981) Ten Poems Translated by Paul Schmidt
Georgy Ivanov (1894-1958) The Third Rome (Selections from the novel) Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Valery Pereleshin [pseud.] (1913-1992) Three Poems Three Sonnets from Ariel Translated by Simon Karlinsky Twelve Sonnets from Ariel Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Yevgeny Kharitonov (1941-1981) Four Stories: The Oven One Boy's Story: How I Got Like That Alyosha-Seryozha The Leaflet All translated by Kevin Moss
Gennady Trifonov (b. 1945) Poem: Letter from Prison Three Poems from Tbilisi by Candlelight Translated by Simon Karlinsky Open Letter to Literaturnaya Gazeta Translated by Kevin Moss
IV. GAY LIFE REBORN IN THE NEW RUSSIA (1990-)
[Anonymous ] Letters to the Editor of Tema and 1/10 Translated by Kevin Moss
V. K. and Nikolai Serov Letters About Prison Life Translated by Dan Healey
Vladimir Makanin (b. 1937) The Prisoner of the Caucasus (story) Translated by Anatoly Vishevsky and Michael Biggins
Vassily Aksyonov (b. 1932) Around Dupont (story) Translated by Alla Zbinovsky
Yury Past (b. 1954) No Offense in Love (story) Translated by Diane Nemec, Ignashev
Nikolai Kolyada (b. 1957) Slingshot (play) Translated by Susan Larsen
Sergei Rybikov (b. 1962) Lays of the Gay Slavs Translated by Anatoly Vishevsky and Michael Biggins
Dmitry Gubin (b. 1967) Three Poems Translated by J. Kates
Dmitry Kuz'min (b. 1968) Two Poems Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Gennady Trifonov (b. 1945) Two Ballets by George Balanchine (Selections from the novella) Translated by Michael Molnar
Efim Yeliseev [pseud.] (b. 1940s) The Bench (story) Translated by Anthony Vanchu
Vitaly Yasinsky [Pseud.] (b. 1946) A Sunny Day at the Seaside (story) Translated by Anthony Vanchu
K. E. [pseud.] (b. 1962) The Phone Call (story) Translated by Anthony Vanchu
Yaroslav Mogutin (b. 1974) The Death of Misha Beautiful Poem: The Army Elegy Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Dimitri Bushuev (b. 1969) Poem: "The night will burst with hail, and the rain" Echoes of Harlequin (Selections from the novel) Translated by Vitaly Chernetsky
Linkovi:
Home page Kevina Mossa: http://community.middlebury.edu/~moss/index.html
Leyland Publications i Gay Sunshine: http://www.gaysunshine.com/gsnonfiction.html
Priredio: Nicodemus